The special region of Yogyakarta (pronounced: Jogjakarta) is affectionately called Yogya) and is located in Central Java. It consists of five regencies and is one of the 26 provinces in Indonesia. People have lived in Central Java and Yogya area since over the centuries ago they have been attracted by the rich soil caused by the numerous volcanic eruptions. From 9th century the area was dominated by Hindu and Bhuddist kingdoms that gave rise to the magnificent temples such as Prambanan, Ratu Boko, Kalasan, Sambisari and Borobudur.
In early 18th century, the Muslim Mataram Kingdom was ruled by Paku Buwono II. After he passed away, the kingdom was divided into Surkarta Hadiningrat kingdom under the rule of Sunan Pakubuwono III and Nyayogyakarta Hadiningrat under the rule of Sultan Hamengkubuwono I.
After the independence of Indonesia was proclaimed, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and Sri Paku Alam VII launched a statement that the Kasultanan and Kadipaten (the two royal regions) belonged to Indonesia. Since then, it has been known as Yogyakarta Special Region and was given provincial status in 1950 in recognition of its important role in the fight for independence. In fact, it was the capital of Indonesian Republic from 1946 to 1949.
“Yogya” is one of the
principal centers of Javanese culture and is centered around the sultan's kraton (palace). The city has a
distinct, traditional Javanese character. From 1946 to 1949, it was the capital
of the Indonesian Republic but for now it is the capital of the special
territory of Yogyakarta.
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